a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

For example, it would be possible for a technicians eyes to easily move back and forth from computer-generated technical data to the actual hardware while diagnosing and correcting a maintenance problem, Trends in training indicate a shift from the typical classroom to more extensive use of a lab-type environment with computer work or study stations. They learn by applying what they have been told and shown. In addition to its uses as a summary and transitional device, the interim summary may also be used to keep the group on the subject or to divert the discussion to another member, A guided discussion is closed by summarizing the material covered. One cautionthe instructional aid should keep student attention on the subject; it should not be a distracting gimmick, Clearly, a major goal of all instruction is for the student to be able to retain as much knowledge of the subject as possible, especially the key points. There are a number of professional development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry conventions, professional organizations, and online classes. The informal lecture includes active student participation. The pilot did not report any mechanical deficiencies with the airplane during the attempted approaches. This permits effective sorting or categorizing chunks of information in the working or short-term memory. The terrain is flat farmland with no published obstacles, What will he do now? For example, the instructor may talk about an occurrence where the knowledge in the lesson was applied. The controller directed the pilot to two different nearby airports, but both were below minimums. First of all, instructors need to begin planning early to determine what the student group is expected to learn and to be able to do on their own. However, writing standards to evaluate a students level of learning or overt behavior in the affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values) is more difficult, The overall objective of an aviation training course is usually well established, and the general standards are included in various rules and related publications. The guided discussion has three main parts: introduction, discussion, and conclusion. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 14. Likewise, it would be unfair to expect a maintenance student to safely and properly perform a compression check on an aircraft engine if the student received only e-learning, Along with the many types of e-learning, there are a variety of terms used to describe the educational use of the computer. It is actually a learned capability, which may be defined as knowledge, a skill, or an attitude. The scenario may not have one right or one wrong answer, which reflects situations faced in the real world. [Figure 4-16], Good instructional aids also can help solve certain language barrier problems. That may mean the instructor needs to initiate leading questions, referee if the discussions cause conflict, ensure that all students participate, and at the end summarize what has been learned, Tying the discussion method into the lecture method not only provides active student participation, it also allows students to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). [Figure 4-19], A more advanced application of computer-based training may involve less instructor control. The instructor can tailor the presentation for the class and also include graphics at appropriate points. Material composed on a computer word processing and graphics program can also be printed onto transparencies, The equipment can be placed at the front of the room, allowing the instructor to maintain eye contact with students. Therefore, it is essential that the information be arranged in useful bits or chunks for effective coding, rehearsal, or recording. For example, instead of using many words to describe a sound, object, or function, the instructor plays a recording of the sound, shows a picture of the object, or presents a diagram of the function. If the student wishes to repeat a section or a portion of the section, it can be done at any time merely by clicking on the appropriate icon, In teaching aviation students, CAL programs can be used by the instructor as another type of reference for students to study. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. Whatever the setting, instructors need to learn how to effectively use them, For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the communicative process. The instructor should avoid the temptation to use the aids as a crutch. Generally, instructional aids that are relatively simple are best suited for this purpose, In addition to helping students remember important information, instructional aids have other advantages. For example, the presentation is not designed to replace the instructor. Whenever possible, the various parts should be labeled or colored to clarify relationships, Production and equipment costs are limiting factors to consider in developing and using models, mock-ups, and cutaways. This concept has led to the adoption of scenario-based training (SBT) in many fields, including aviation. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. The height of usable objects is limited to the space between the top of the lowered projection plate and the body of the projector, usually about two or three inches. CDs and DVDs and the associated equipment, although more expensive than some of the more basic instructional aid equipment, are fairly economical. It is important to remember that a training delivery method is rarely used by itself. It can be an enlargement, a reduction, or the same size as the original. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. From this measurement of student achievement, the instructor determines the effectiveness of the instruction, A time-honored training delivery method, drill and practice is based on the learning principle of exercise discussed in chapter 2, which holds that connections are strengthened with practice. In addition, e-learning often seems more enjoyable than learning from a regular classroom lecture. The scale model represents an exact reproduction of the original, while simplified models do not represent reality in all details. While it is important to provide hands-on tasks in the lesson plan to engage students in active learning, it is also important to ensure the tasks are completed safely and correctly, In Chapter 2, The Learning Process, learning was defined as "a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. Well- designed course outlines are especially useful to students because they list the key points and help students organize note taking during a lecture, Aviation instructors must cover a broad range of aeronautical knowledge and skill training for pilots and AMTs. Through doing, students learn to follow correct procedures and to reach established standards. This type of problem encourages the development of HOTS, which include cognitive processes such as problem solving and decision-making, as well as the cognitive skills of analysis, synthesis and evaluation. As sources for access to information expand, the possibilities for distance learning increases, While e-learning has many training advantages, it also has limitations which can include the lack of peer interaction and personal feedback, depending on what method of e-learning is used. Participants in a class may be located on different continents, yet share the same teaching experience. As noted earlier, a PTS already has many of the elements needed to formulate performance-based objectives. The instructor should try to make the students feel that their ideas and active participation are wanted and needed, The instructor opens the discussion by asking one of the prepared lead-off questions. The software may include additional features such as image banks with full color photos and graphics, as well as questions or directions which are programmed to create interactivity for students as they progress through the course, The questions or directions are programmed using a branching technique, which provides several possible courses of action for the user to choose in order to move from one sequence to another. For example, the specific words, "a leak in the fuel line" tell more than the general term "mechanical defect", Another way the instructor can add life to the lecture is to vary his or her tone of voice and pace of speaking. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. This preparation should start well in advance of the presentation. This research has revealed that effective instructors come in many forms, but they generally possess four essential teaching skills: people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills. The instructor must determine the method to be used in developing the subject matter. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. Some educators believe that television and the film industry have produced a visual culture that has actually changed the way people learn, Passive video, or video that the student watches like a movie, provide motion, color, sound, and in many cases, special effects with advanced graphic and animation techniques. A simple process can be used to determine if and where instructional aids are necessary, Clearly establish the lesson objective. Most projectors are bulky to handle and store, and the projector cooling fan may be noisy, Although vastly different from other projection equipment, the opaque projector reflects light from the surface of the picture or three-dimensional object onto a regular projection screen. The instructor speaks from a mental or written outline, but does not read or memorize the material to be presented. An effective instructor possesses a strong motivation to teach, as well as a positive attitude toward learning. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability bywho killed dr john yelenic. Once a determination of objectives and standards has been made, an instructor formulates a plan of action to lead students through the course in a logical manner toward the desired goal. The instructor bases this assessment on the learner's ability to demonstrate consistent proficiency on a number of flight maneuvers. Some of these include study guides, exercise books, course outlines, and syllabi. Carefully selected charts, graphs, pictures, or other well-organized visual aids are examples of items that help the student understand, as well as retain, essential information, Ideally, instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points and concepts. For example, a program may indicate, "That was incorrect. Drawing on previously discussed theoretical knowledge, this chapter discusses specific recommendations on how to use this information to teach aviation students, Teaching is to instruct or train someone, or the profession of someone who teaches. The interim summary may be omitted after discussing the last learning outcome when it is more expedient for the instructor to present the first part of the conclusion. The demonstration-performance method is divided into five phases: Explanations must be clear, pertinent to the objectives of the particular lesson to be presented, and based on the known experience and knowledge of the students. [Figure 4-7], The purpose of the motivation element is to offer the students specific reasons why the lesson content is important to know, understand, apply, or perform concepts of Thorndikes law of readiness. The mock-up may emphasize or highlight elements or components for learning and eliminate nonessential elements, Cut-aways, another type of model, are built in sections and can be taken apart to reveal the internal structure. Usually the instructor has to interrupt the students efforts for corrections and further demonstrations. A course of training also may be limited to something like the additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes, Other terms closely associated with a course of training include curriculum, syllabus, and training course outline. Sarcasm and/or ridicule should never be used, since they inhibit the spontaneity of the participants. The PTS also has specific criteria or standards upon which to grade performance; however, the criteria may not always be specific enough for a particular lesson. If the discussion has revealed that certain areas are not understood by one or more members of the group, the instructor should clarify or cover this material again, As with any training method that involves discussion, students are encouraged to listen to and learn from their instructor and/or each other. For example, it is better to ask "Why does an aircraft normally require a longer takeoff run at Denver than at New Orleans?" He is flying the four of them to the "big" football game. The steps in Figure 4-6 form a guideline for lesson presentation. The effective instructor is able to interpret the meaning of these reactions and adjust the lesson accordingly. When using a teaching lecture, the instructor plans and delivers an oral presentation in a manner that allows some participation by the students and helps direct them toward the desired learning outcomes, In general lectures, begin with an introduction of the topic to be discussed. In many cases, these terms are used interchangeably, but there are important differences, A curriculum is a set of courses in an area of specialization offered by an educational institution. The teaching process consists of four steps: preparation, presentation, application, and assessment. Effective instructors relate well to people. If the instructor sees puzzled expressions, denoting that the students do not understand the question, it should be rephrased in a slightly different form. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. This actually gives the instructor more time for one-on-one teaching. Students learn from the beginning how to perform the maneuver or procedure and also become familiar with the performance criteria. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. The most common types are the line graph and the bar graph. For example, the instructor in the opening scenario is an aviation maintenance SME, Effective instructors are not only knowledgeable about aviation, they are also knowledgeable about teaching. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. entry of bacteriophages and animal viruses into host cells. Thus, the instructor provides assistance, reinforcement, and answers for those who need it most, In this situation, the CAL should still be considered as an add-on instructional aid to improve traditional classroom instruction. With a briefing, the speaker presents a concise array of facts to the listeners who normally do not expect elaboration of supporting material. The introduction consists of three elements: attention, motivation, and overview. For example, technology flight training devices and flight simulators are used by everyone from flight schools to major airlines, as well as the military. Take The Exams. In addition, instructors should be available to summarize the presentation and answer any questions students may have regarding content, "Interactive" refers broadly to computer software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. This method uses collaboration and can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation such as an independent aviation instructor might encounter. Colors, when used, should provide clear contrast and easily be visible, The usefulness of aids can be improved by proper sequencing to build on previous learning. Effective use of questions may result in more student learning than any other single technique used by instructors. Learning evolves as a result of the students interactions with the game, and these games usually promote the development of critical thinking skills, Not every aviation learning objective can be delivered via this teaching method, but it should prove to be a useful tool in the instructors tool box as the number and content of educational games increase, Cooperative or group learning organizes students into small groups who can work together to maximize their own and each others learning. The instructor must logically organize the material to show the relationships of the main points. The extemporaneous presentation reflects the instructors personal enthusiasm and is more flexible than other methods. Additional transparencies can be overlaid onto the original to show development or buildup of an event or display. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. This training method employs instructor-guided discussion with the instructor maintaining control of the discussion. Suspendisse ultrices hendrerit a vitae vel a sodales. If, due to some unanticipated circumstances, the demonstration does not closely conform to the explanation, this deviation should be immediately acknowledged and explained, Because these two phases, which involve separate actions, are performed concurrently, they are discussed here under a single heading. The rhetorical question is similar in nature, because it also spurs group thought. Faulty habits are difficult to correct and must be addressed as soon as possible. This results when the material is presented as an authentic problem in a situated environment that allows the learner to "make meaning" of the information based on his or her past experience and personal interpretation. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards, For example, in flight training, content validity is reflected by a particular maneuver closely mimicking a maneuver required in actual flight, such as the student pilot being able to recover from a power-off stall. The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal." A major advantage of CDs and DVDs is the capability to store enormous amounts of information. June 14, 2022; jeep renegade 4x4 usata francoforte sul meno; astrological predictions for trump 2022 . This change is measurable and therefore can be assessed, Assessment of learning is a complex process and it is important to be clear about the purposes of the assessment. This topic is explored more thoroughly in hapter 9, Professional Development, Management skills generally include the ability to plan, organize, lead, and supervise. It promotes learning through repetition because those things most often repeated are best remembered. The most basic stepping stones to be traversed by a student pilot going after a certificate involve figuring out where she or he wants the airplane to go and learning the monkey motion involved in causing it to go there. How will this installation affect the weight and balance of the aircraft? Instructional CDs and DVDs, in comparison, are perceived as much less exciting and less stimulating visually. As such, they serve as guides or resource experts and circulate among students who are working individually or in small groups. An important factor is chart format. Instructors need not refer to another document to evaluate student performance. Improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents, and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft.

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