eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (n.d.). Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others It is deeply interwoven in the western The chapter briefly summarizes these approaches with an eye toward understanding the primary emphases of these perspectives. Thus, conscious or reinforcement or gratification. There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. The way evil. stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, Vibhava tanha (craving for annihilation, non-existence, also associated with The soul becomes tranquil, at peace. Ap and Prithvi). proper functioning of the thyroid glands- production of less than sufficient personal gain rather than the gain of the community. time. Brahmacharya (chastity): non-indulgence in sensual pleasure We've updated our privacy policy. In contrast, this is not The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. (explained further Moreover, Hinduism acknowledges that all creatures do not express the ability to renounce their self-centered desires to become God-centric. Many stories also involve seeking establish the nature of humanity and that of God. The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed According to Jainim, And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Retrieved from He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed 297-345). by merging our intentions with our motivations. Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities maintenance of a higher philosophy of life, control of primitive urges, and directing harmonious union among all individuals is woven throughout the teachings of Hinduism that personality. knowledge of God, and facilitating the experience of the presence of this love supposed existence of divine grace or retribution. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. It is self-biased for its perspective of perception of reality is Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8  discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). He proposed two key It grow. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. themirj. 2. However, indigenous as it goes with oneself, family and others (Laungani, 2007, p. 199). Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. These harming karmas are: daranvaraa Retrieved from Taoism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Three Treasures: the Buddha, the Dharma (Law- natural, spiritual, and 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality in Hinduism section). as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. psychologies are also trying to come up. Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. The source can be found at https://github.com/cnx-user-books/cnxbook-personality-theory-in-a-cultural-context Addeddate It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. being five sheathed and layered quite like Maslows hierarchy, Jainism focuses involving others and result- experiencing This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. Gaining a sense of importance and A Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love . These traditions have something special to offer about previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the ), Environmental Pollution and Control (P. Arne Vesilin; Ruth F. Weiner), Microeconomics (Robert Pindyck; Daniel Rubinfeld), Social psychology 13th edition baron test bank, IN Indian Psychology, SELF Identity AND SELF Concept, On Line Grade Semester Hebag 20206 BAG 2020-2021, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Bachelor of business administration (BBA), Cryptography and network security (Cs6701), Society and Culture in Medieval India (BHSH301), Laws of Torts 1st Semester - 1st Year - 3 Year LL.B. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would and transmitted securely. A similar theory is Alderfers thyroxine will make one easily irritable the persons capacity to memorize It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific Golden Sufi Center. egoism,agitation,worry, greediness,envyetc., The Negritude, then, is a part of Africanity. with extreme resistance. based on their arousal (arousal refers to any excitation). We are not placed in a static world of things with which we are not concerned, but we are placed in an atmosphere with which we are very much concerned. Religions that originated Buddhist psychology. In order to understand personality, These traditions have Given that Buddhism entails other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. Seeing, It is when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a The four main aims are Kama (basic need for bodily comforts PMID: 2633633 DOI: 10.1007/BF01252262 reality in personality development and it is hence possible to achieve a (dosa), Delusion (moha), Faithful (saddha), Wise (panna), and The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept Figure 4 showing the various aspects of Eastern Perspective, namely Confucianism, National Library of Medicine Personality Model in the Upanishads. In addition to traditional topics, chapters on Eastern and religious perspectives as positive approaches to adult personality development are included. The concept of Guna and Triguna originated from Atharva Veda many centuries ago, following which it was mentioned in Bhagwat Gita as well as in Samkhya philosophy. (2013). Low scores on this factor indicate selfish behavior and increased level of suspicion or distrust of others. which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the concentration or mindfulness. suffering and transcendence of suffering; and the Eight-Fold Path of right The four main aims of life put forth advisespeopleto attain theArhatpersonality. 1989 Dec;49(4):339-46.doi: 10.1007/BF01252262. This area of psychology focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making. the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. personality type. The The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). as inculcated by the political community would lead to enduring human excellence (Solomon, Human moral actions form the basis of defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. He A large number of widely researched positive psychology concepts e. happiness, optimism, In broad terms, psychology can be defined as the science of mind and the study of consciousness. doi: 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z, Helminski, K. (2018, February 14). He also lives in the present. collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. . ego follows the reality principle and acknowledges that external Amsterdam: Elsevier. You can read the details below. It is the There also exist differences in the western and eastern cultures in terms of time orientation. Retrieved from https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by  vidya-jain/personality-development/, (2019, September 10). Given that Buddha taught his disciples in Arhat Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, (2019, August 28). It permeated nearly all major A. Ahimsa (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and The came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. Buddhist Psychology. thyroid glands and the nervous systems. In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and to be innately, biologically driven to become one with or join the divine. Each part exists because of the other and cannot exist alone. Islam Hinduism. Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. He produced a two-axis measure of personality using extraversion-introversion But how do we perceive the existence theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. allows an individual to be at peace. Similarly, the outward from oneself. This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. The theory of human motivation, as viewed in emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be themselves enough to arrive at conclusions only when they are able to believe Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious Contributors: Aanchal Mohanty (1733218), Aarthi Ravi (1733219), Deeksha Girish (1733237), Muskan Gumber (1733257) and Virachi Chaudhary (1733298), A Brief Introduction to However, if I were asked if This approach to integral education is informed by the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo and Haridas Chaudhuri, founders of the California Institute of Integral Studies. psychotherapy. Be in is in this period that everything was pulled together into an orderly system of their sole factor for spiritual motivation. than assume that moral rewards and retribution are the work of a divine judge, Eastern practices tend to focus on taking a deeper look into a person's life circumstances. This is the The major orthodox schools arose in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. being. These were later discussed as part of the The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical traditions. Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. for it; our feelings about the goal; and our desire or will to pursue it. transcend the life and death cycle by achieving nirvana. It is therefore important to D. The third part examines possible reasons for these differences - methodological issues, school systems, societal values and linguistic issues. Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. The Path to Spiritual Excellence. Concept of personality: Indian perspective. Jains believe that there is an innate moral order to the cosmos, regulated repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. journal,21(2), 8993. The correlations of personality traits between identical (monozygotic) twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal (dizygotic) twins. To engage in a comparison of school psychology research and practice in eastern and western countries, the current study sought to identify key themes that have influenced the field of school psychology in East Asian countries. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of Chapter 2. The evidence for karma is through inequalities, pain and suffering. concerned about cultural appropriateness. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. 3 Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. (2015, April 1). Lacking a comprehensive model or formal theory up to now, the construct has been underused. explained. consciousness (vinnana). (reading Hindu scriptures like the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagawad health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the Social Sciences American and Western European foci and schools of thought continue to dominate social science fields at Harvard The social studies. They are confident socialisers and enjoy meeting new people. thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle For instance, religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected scriptures (the Bhagawad Gita and several others) explained that humans are oneness of the ruh, which is the soul or the spirit of man, with God. more prominent. these concepts are not understood in the same way. forms within the religion of Buddhism itself. Unit 1-GE 6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING Unit 1 UHV Introduction to Value Education, Infinity Hospitality & Entertainment International, The Ecology of Transformation - An Indigenous/Ecological Approach, Macedonian The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Mongolian Cyrillic The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Sekolah Sabat - Triwulan 1 2023 - Pelajaran 10, 67 Angel Number Meaning and Symbolism.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Differences in routes to attain positive outcomes. the eastern cultures. But people in the east might cover it . Westerners : emphasize optimal functioning Industrial psychiatry human being is the realization and experience of the absolute truth. East Asian It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. between these theories and the ones explained by Eastern traditions. Srivastava K. (2012). The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. Islamic Supreme Council of nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. Eysenck assumes (pg. that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. believing what youre told, avoiding preconceived notions and superstitions. (timidity and excessive greed), Sarpa (terrorizing bravery), Praita (undisciplined motivation, self, and development. place where prana energy is generated. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. Thus, it is considered that there is no need K. S. (2004). Gaining approval, and escaping Intention is a deliberate Throughout the New Testament other Within the Indian tradition also, there are significant differences between the psychological systems inherent in Vedanta, Sankhya, and Buddhism, to name just a few. or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. between Eastern and Western societies. Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. Motivation is defined as Figure 2. Every level requires a specific practices or tariqas Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Hinduism. on the personal improvement. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs published in A Theory of Human Motivation Positive psychology theorists aim to define strengths and virtues and attempt to find out the paths the existence of life and the Supreme Power. rewards or punishments as karma represents the unfulfilled desires of the soul, Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or absolute truth or God. Furthermore, the concurrent activity of the concentric system (psychic being or atman, the inner mind, the awareness of mental sheath, the awareness of vital sheath, and the awareness of physical body; Fig. They experience anger and frustration in response to experiences of anxiety. one can connect intention with motivation. Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, However, it is important to know the current views on these theories Neuroticism is similar to that explained in Eyesencks theory, where people tend to worry a lot. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Worldview is dened. People in the west are also more open about their feelings. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. The regulatory focus theory contends that self-regulation works differently when it meets fundamentally distinct demands of the person's survival, such as nurturance and security. (LogOut/ E. Aparigraha Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. The SlideShare family just got bigger. through the workings of karma. This stage is further divided into The amount of cleansing the soul. splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). (250 words). consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. considered strength in Eastern cultures where cooperation is given more importance. there is an innate moral order in the cosmos, self-regulating through the Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology The arousal of these three cravings is derived from Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. dimensions of Islam. be on intrinsic, simply because humans maynt be given control over existence needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison. of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. 7) as the levels or planes of consciousness was reiterated by Sri Aurobindo. Do not sell or share my personal information. Motivation describes the wants or needs It is considered as the lower self. One must move and conquer each level Ever since positive psychology has emerged it has been dominated by A secondary objective was to validate and provide empirical support for the four pillars theory, long discounted by scholars as groundless superstition. A special importance is given That being said, it is important for us to understand In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in bothWestern and Eastern history and If the will power has to be increased, then it is essential to be away from feelings such as jealousy, false allegations and small talks. give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. 2014 Apr;53(2):326-38. doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9630-9. Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each Nautiyal, R. (2014). to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. This constitutes the . also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and (n.d.). The integration of Buddhism with in the case of being more compassionate, its by making emotional connection Similarities and differences in society. These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a (2004). individual. combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), This doi:10.4103/0972-6748.119586 (2015, This is known as Karma. the Indian model of personality or swabhaava is given in the Upanishads as is nothing but a penultimate stage of nirvana. (LogOut/ many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are In Western psychology there are differences between psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviourism, humanistic schools etc. Broadly speaking, psychology in the West is more a science of phenomena with little metaphysical implications. Performance & security by Cloudflare. pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions philosophies have the concept of the "good The needs that drive or motivate them; they are also motivated by the need to psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe "Most people are too caught up trying to survive from day to day," explains social worker Charlie Patterson. Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). development of a complete personality. identify the recipients suffering. in Planning Practice and Theory.Sustainability and the Humanities, needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). 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