is moldova a slavic country

The Giurgiuleti terminal on the Danube is compatible with small seagoing vessels. The number of students per 10,000 inhabitants in Moldova has been constantly growing since the collapse of the Soviet Union, reaching 217 in 20002001, and 351 in 20052006. There are 16 state and 15[201] private institutions of higher education in Moldova, with a total of 126,100 students, including 104,300 in the state institutions and 21,700 in the private ones. On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. The country finally achieved its political independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991. In 1878, as a result of the Treaty of Berlin, Romania was forced to cede the three counties back to the Russian Empire. Europe's Poorest Country (2001) - We take a look at the continent's poorest country, Moldova.Subscribe to Journeyman here: http://www.youtube.com/subscriptio. On 26 December 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. In a country with a population of 3.5 million, of which 1 million are abroad, there are more than 700,000 pensioners. 24 January]1918 and requested the assistance of the French army present in Romania (general Henri Berthelot) and of the Romanian Army. During the periods 1812-1917 and 194489, Moldovans were influenced by Russian and Soviet administrative control as well and by ethnic Russian immigration.[222]. [81], In the December 2016 presidential election, Socialist, pro-Russian Igor Dodon was elected as the new president of the republic. [144], The environment of Moldova suffered extreme degradation during the Soviet period, when industrial and agricultural development proceeded without regard for environmental protection. The country's name is derived from the Moldova River which flows through the modern day country of Romania. [104] The Russian army has a military base and a large ammunition dump in the region. The landscape of Moldova is a predominantly hilly plateau crossed by . Based on the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regional poverty line of US$5/day (PPP), 55 percent of the population was poor in 2011. [58] In 194453, there were several anti-Soviet resistance groups in Moldova; however the NKVD and later MGB managed to eventually arrest, execute or deport their members. SunStroke Project featured again in the 2017 Eurovision entry "Hey Mama" which got third place.[230]. Among most prominent classical musicians in Moldova are Maria Bieu, one of the leading world's sopranos and the winner of the Japan International Competition; pianist Mark Zeltser, winner of the USSR National Competition, Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition in Paris and Busoni Competition in Bolzano, Italy. Hungary is also non Slavic . [124][125], Religious leaders play a role in shaping foreign policy. when Bulgaro-Kutrigur and Serbo-Croatian South Slavs settled in Moldova. Montenegro - $7,686. The highest temperature ever recorded in Moldova was 41.5C (106.7F) on 21 July 2007 in Camenca. Produsul intern brut n anul 2012, date actualizate, Produsul intern brut n Republica Moldova n anul 2013, date actualizate, Economia Moldovei a nregistrat o crestere de 4,6%, n 2014, i constituie 111 miliarde de lei, "Economia Republicii Moldova, n SCDERE n 2015; Ultimele cifre de la Statistic", "BNS: Economia Republicii Moldova a crescut cu 4,5% n anul 2017", "Salariului mediu lunar pe economie in anul 2018 este de 6150 lei / Editorial / Monitorul fiscal FISC.md", "INS: Salariul mediu pe economie, n cretere n iunie", " 2018 ! The country also has important minority ethnic communities, as shown in the table below. The Moldova State University and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, the main scientific organizations of Moldova, were established in 1946. [citation needed] One Russian and two local channels are aired. Gagauz, Russian, and Ukrainian languages are granted official regional status in Gagauzia and/or Transnistria . [58] Similar events occurred in the 1930s in the Moldavian ASSR. Other winners of the Moldovan National Division include Zimbru Chiinu, Dacia Chiinu, FC Tiraspol and Milsami Orhei. Nevertheless, the Constitutional Court ruled on 4 March 2016, that this constitutional change adopted in 2000 regarding the presidential election was unconstitutional,[111] thus reverting the election method of the president to a two-round system direct election. [207] Almost all the population is literate: the literacy rate of the population aged 15 and over is estimated at 99.4% (as of 2015[update]). The president appoints a prime minister who functions as the head of government, and who in turn assembles a cabinet, both subject to parliamentary approval. Slavs are Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups in Europe. Then Zdob i Zdub again represented Moldova in the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest finishing 12th. Prince Petru also expanded his rule southwards to the Danube Delta. [214] The maternal mortality rate was 41 deaths/100,000 live births (in 2010)[215] and the infant mortality rate was 12.59 deaths/1,000 live births (in 2015). [citation needed] Infotag is the state news agency. It does not have nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological weapons. [64] After the failure of the 1991 Soviet coup d'tat attempt, Moldova declared its independence on 27 August 1991. The governing body is the Moldovan Football Federation, which belongs to UEFA. For all of his success, it was under the reign of Alexander I that the first confrontation with the Ottoman Turks took place at Cetatea Alb in 1420. Moldova's agricultural products include vegetables, fruits, grapes, wine, and grains.[172]. The earliest surviving deeds referring to lands beyond the Dniester river date from the 16th century. [193], In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova ruled that the name "Romanian", as used in the Declaration of Independence to identify the official language, prevails over the name "Moldovan", given in Article 13 of the Constitution.[194]. The summers are warm and long, with temperatures averaging about 20C (68F) and the winters are relatively mild and dry, with January temperatures averaging 4C (25F). As of 2020, the U.S. Department of State estimated that 90% of the Orthodox adherents belong to the Moldovan Orthodox Church. Although estimates point to possible modest overvaluation of the real exchange rate, external competitiveness appears broadly adequate as reflected in strong sustained export performance. [140], Phytogeographically, Moldova is split between the East European Plain and the PonticCaspian steppe of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. The culture has been also influenced by the Byzantine culture, the neighbouring Magyar and Slavic populations, and later by the Ottoman Turks. It stretches for 200km (120mi) (though only 55km (34mi) is in use) and holds almost 2 million bottles of wine[170], Moldova's rich soil and temperate continental climate (with warm summers and mild winters) have made the country one of the most productive agricultural regions since ancient times, and a major supplier of agricultural products in southeastern Europe. . The country covers an area of 33,850 km, making it somewhat larger than Belgium, or slightly larger than the US state of Maryland. [70][71][72], In August 2009, four Moldovan parties (Liberal Democratic Party, Liberal Party, Democratic Party, and Our Moldova Alliance) agreed to create the Alliance For European Integration that pushed the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova into opposition. While most of today's Moldova came into the Ottoman orbit in the 16th century, a substantial part of Transnistria remained a part of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth until the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. Reconomica ", "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part", "Download entire World Economic Outlook database", "This Massive Underground City is Filled With Wine", "Legea cu privire la seciile pentru reforma agrar n cadrul organelor de autoadministrare local ale Republicii Moldova Nr.129 din 02.03.92, Monitorul Oficial nr.3/80, 1992", R. Moldova are deja peste dou milioane de utilizatori ai serviciilor de telefonie mobil, "Orange launches HD mobile phone service", "the Government approved the licensing of 4G / LTE for mobile operators", Strengthening Social Cohesion and a Common Identity in the Republic of Moldova, "Statistical Yearbook of Moldova 2017: Results of the 2004 Population Census: 2. Declaring itself a neutral state, Moldova did not join the military branch of the CIS. country comparison to the world: 35 Nationality noun: Ukrainian (s) adjective: Ukrainian Ethnic groups [127] On 23 June 2022, Moldova was officially granted candidate status by EU leaders.[128]. [26] In 1164, the future Byzantine emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, while attempting to reach the Principality of Halych, was taken prisoner by Vlachs, possibly in the area which now constitutes Moldova. [118] The first joint meeting of the Governments of Romania and Moldova, held in March 2012, concluded with several bilateral agreements in various fields. [217], Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, the country has seen a decrease in spending on health care and, as a result, the tuberculosis incidence rate in the country has grown. Moldova is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. Peter Aaron's rule also signified the beginning of Moldavia's Ottoman Empire allegiance, as the ruler was the first to agree to pay tribute to Sultan Mehmed II. [218] According to a 2009 study, Moldova was struggling with one of the highest incidence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the world. The Moldovans, Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture , 2000. Although historical, the polarization based on ethnolinguistic criteria of the majority ethnic group reappeared with the national revival movement of the late 1980s, and, so far, there is no consensus regarding the mainstream identity in the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan or Romanian).[177][178]. In accordance with the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812, and despite numerous protests by Moldavian nobles on behalf of the sovereignty of their principality, the Ottoman Empire (of which Moldavia was a vassal) ceded to the Russian Empire the eastern half of the territory of the Principality of Moldavia along with Khotyn and old Bessarabia (modern Budjak), which Russia had already conquered and annexed. The court is invested with the power of judicial review over all acts of parliament, over presidential decrees, and over international treaties signed by the country.[110]. The Soviet government conducted a campaign to promote a Moldovan ethnic identity distinct from that of the Romanians, based on a theory developed during the existence of the Moldavian ASSR. In February 2022 Sandu condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine, calling it "a blatant breach of international law and of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity. [208], The CIA World Factbook lists widespread crime and underground economic activity among major issues in Moldova. Most of Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. Three parties the pro-Russian Socialist Party, the. In other words, it's not considered a country. "[100] Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita stated on 28 February 2022 that Moldova should rapidly move to become a member of the European Union;[101] the country submitted a formal application for EU membership on 3 March 2022,[102] and was subsequently granted the status of candidate country by the European Council on 23 June 2022[103] along with Ukraine. [58] Other forms of Soviet persecution of the population included political arrests or, in 8,360 cases, execution. Romania has membership in several international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova managed to stay in power for eight years. This makes for a total of 1,682 localities in Moldova, two of which are uninhabited.[137]. The government's goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. The signing came after the accord was drafted in Vilnius in November 2013. Moldova is one of the poorest countries in. The economy subsequently declined from 1991 to 1999. In the 1980s, amid political conditions created by glasnost and perestroika, a Democratic Movement of Moldova was formed, which in 1989 became known as the nationalist Popular Front of Moldova (FPM). Three months later, on 2 March 1992, the country gained formal recognition as an independent state at the United Nations. [87], In March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government called a "national red code alert" as the number of coronavirus cases in the country rose to six on 13 March 2020. "[130], According to Amnesty International, as of 2004 "Torture and other ill-treatment in police detention remained widespread; the state failed to carry out prompt and impartial investigations and police officers sometimes evaded penalties. In November 2013, Moldova initialed an Association Agreement with the EU which includes provisions establishing a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA). On 7 June, the Constitutional Court, which is largely believed to be controlled by Vladimir Plahotniuc[83] from the Democratic Party, announced that they had temporarily removed the sitting president, Igor Dodon, from power due to his inability to call new parliamentary elections as the parliament did not form a coalition within three months of the validation of the election results. Total recorded adult alcohol consumption is approximately evenly split between spirits, beer and wine. In the 1994 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Agrarian Party gained a majority of the seats, setting a turning point in Moldovan politics. Christmas is celebrated either on 7 January, the traditional date in Old Calendarists Eastern Orthodox Churches, or on 25 December, with both dates being recognized as public holidays. Comrat is the administrative centre of Gagauzia. [224], Moldovan cuisine is similar to neighbouring Romania, and has been influenced by elements of Russian, Turkish, and Ukrainian cuisine. An anti-government protests in front of the general prosecutor's headquarters in Moldova's capital, Chiinu. [82], In 2019, from 7 to 15 June, the Moldovan government went through a period of dual power in what is known as the 2019 Moldovan constitutional crisis. Moldova is a little land-locked country squeezed in between Northern Romania and Southern Ukraine with 2,6 million inhabitants. Today, Moldova is the poorest country in Europe. To distinguish the two, during the Soviet period, Moldovan was written in the Cyrillic alphabet, in contrast with Romanian, which since 1860 had been written in the Latin alphabet. The East Slavic Hypatian Chronicle (13th century) mentions the Bolohoveni people, who resided on the eastern fringes of Moldovan territory and in the Rus' principalities of Halych, Volhynia and Kyiv; their ethnic origin is disputed by historians. The country's main cities are the capital Chiinu, in the centre of the country, Tiraspol (in the eastern region of Transnistria), Bli (in the north) and Bender (in the south-east). 1. Moldova River The heaviest rainfall occurs in early summer and again in October; heavy showers and thunderstorms are common. A strong Western European influence in Moldovan literature and arts was prevalent in the 19th century. [174], As of 2010[update], there are around 1,295,000 Internet users in Moldova with overall Internet penetration of 35.9%. The country acceded to the provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in October 1994 in Washington, D.C. [134] Moldova improved its legislation by enacting the Law on Preventing and Combating Family Violence, in 2008.[135]. [166] It has a vineyard area of 147,000 hectares (360,000 acres), of which 102,500ha (253,000 acres) are used for commercial production. [59][60] In 19461947, at least 216,000 deaths and about 350,000 cases of dystrophy were accounted by historians in the Moldavian SSR alone. Moldova. Nevertheless, Moldavia was subject to further Hungarian interventions after that moment, as Matthias Corvinus deposed Aaron and backed Alexndrel to the throne in Suceava. Its subdivisions in Moldova include the Dniester Hills (Northern Moldavian Hills and Dniester Ridge), the Moldavian Plain (Middle Prut Valley and Bli Steppe), and the Central Moldavian Plateau (Ciuluc-Solone Hills, Corneti HillsCodri Massive, "Codri" meaning "forests"Lower Dniester Hills, Lower Prut Valley, and Tigheci Hills). [74] On 30 December 2010, Marian Lupu was elected as the Speaker of the Parliament and the acting President of the Republic of Moldova. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. The traditional Latin origins of Romanian culture reach back to the 2nd century, the period of Roman colonization in Dacia.. During the centuries following the Roman withdrawal in 271, the population of the region . The Slavs speak mainly Indo-European Slavic Language. [220], Emigration is a mass phenomenon in Moldova and has a major impact on the country's demographics and economy. The Romanian majority living there is of course latin. During the periods 19401941 and 19441953, deportations of locals to the northern Urals, to Siberia, and northern Kazakhstan occurred regularly, with the largest ones on 1213 June 1941, and 56 July 1949, accounting from MSSR alone for 18,392[f] and 35,796 deportees respectively. [187], The official language of Moldova is Romanian, a Romance language. Ukraine - 45,490,000. Trnt (a form of wrestling) is the national sport in Moldova. In the east, the Dniester is the main river, flowing through the country from north to south, receiving the waters of Rut, Bc, Ichel, Botna. The history of Slavic languages has undergone periods of significant change and significant development, as well as times of decline, leaving behind many fascinating dialects along the way. Gagauz, 4.4% of the population, are Christian Turkic people. His people from the voivodeship at Maramure soon followed. [64], In the region east of the Dniester river, Transnistria, which includes a large proportion of predominantly russophone East Slavs of Ukrainian (28%) and Russian (26%) descent (altogether 54% as of 1989), an independent Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed on 16 August 1990, with its capital in Tiraspol. Shipping on the lower Prut and Nistru rivers plays only a modest role in the country's transportation system. dollars. There are 3 historical wine regions: Valul lui Traian (south west), Stefan Voda (south east) and Codru (center), destined for the production of wines with protected geographic indication. The states made up of the Slavs account for about 50% of the territory of Europe. These include education, infrastructure, financial sector, business climate, energy consumption, pension system, and judicial framework. As a part of an ambitious economic liberalization effort, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, liberalized all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and liberalized interest rates. In the 21st century, the primary foreign language taught in the schools is English. Because of the irregular terrain, heavy summer rains often cause erosion and river silting. Furthermore, no revision can be made to limit the fundamental rights of people enumerated in the Constitution. [45] On April 9[O.S. [54] Uprisings against Romanian rule took place in 1919 at Khotyn and Bender, but were eventually suppressed by the Romanian Army. [186], According to the last census in Transnistria (October 2015), the population of the region was 475,373, a 14.47% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2004 census. Romania is a country of roughly 19 million people. Peter Aaron was eventually ousted by his nephew, Stephen the Great who would become the most important medieval Moldavian ruler who managed to uphold Moldavia's autonomy against Hungary, Poland and the Ottoman Empire. 40,592 of them perished.[57]. World War I brought in a rise in political and cultural (ethnic) awareness among the inhabitants of the region, as 300,000 Bessarabians were drafted into the Russian Army formed in 1917; within bigger units several "Moldavian Soldiers' Committees" were formed. [80] Concerns over statewide corruption, the independence of the judiciary system, and the nontransparency of the banking system were expressed. Greeks, Armenians, Poles, Ukrainians, although not numerous, were present as early as the 17th century, and have contributed cultural marks. [58], In the postwar period, the Soviet government organized the immigration of working age Russian speakers (mostly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), into the new Soviet republic, especially into urbanized areas, partly to compensate for the demographic loss caused by the war and the emigration of 1940 and 1944. The official name of the country is the Republic of Moldova. The economy of Moldova began to change in 2001; and until 2008, the country saw a steady annual growth between 5% and 10%. In 20012003, relations between Moldova and Russia improved, but then temporarily deteriorated in 20032006, in the wake of the failure of the Kozak memorandum, culminating in the 2006 wine exports crisis. This gesture was to have unexpected consequences: Petru supplied the Polish ruler with funds needed in the war against the Teutonic Knights, and was granted control over Pokuttya until the debt was to be repaid; as this is not recorded to have been carried out, the region became disputed by the two states, until it was lost by Moldavia in the Battle of Obertyn (1531). [94] Parliamentary elections took place on 11 July 2021. The Moldovan language (or dialect) differs only . [110] The country's central legislative body is the unicameral Moldovan Parliament (Parlament), which has 101 seats, and whose members are elected by popular vote on party lists every four years. In 1995 the country was admitted to the Council of Europe. The 1994 constitution also establishes an independent Constitutional Court, composed of six judges (two appointed by the President, two by Parliament, and two by the Supreme Council of Magistrature), serving six-year terms, during which they are irremovable and not subordinate to any power. The acting president Mihai Ghimpu instituted the Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova to adopt a new version of the Constitution of Moldova. These efforts have helped maintain macroeconomic and financial stability under difficult external circumstances, enabled the resumption of economic growth and contributed to establishing an environment conducive to the economy's further growth and development in the medium term. On 23 June 1990, the Parliament adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty of the "Soviet Socialist Republic Moldova", which, among other things, stipulated the supremacy of Moldovan laws over those of the Soviet Union. [88] On 17 March, Parliament declared a state of emergency for at least 60 days, suspended all international flights and closed borders with neighbours Romania and Ukraine. Another popular band from Moldova is Zdob i Zdub that represented the country in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing sixth, also in 2021, with a similar result. Its capital city is Chiinu, located in the south-central part of the country. The 19th century saw the arrival of many more Ukrainians from Podolia and Galicia, as well as new communities, such as Lipovans, Russians, Bulgarians, and Germans. In 2005, Moldova and the European Union established an action plan that sought to improve cooperation between Moldova and the union. [117] According to a lending agreement signed in February 2010, Poland provided US$15 million as a component of its support for Moldova in its European integration efforts. After winning the 1996 presidential elections, on 15 January 1997, Petru Lucinschi, the former First Secretary of the Moldavian Communist Party in 198991, became the country's second president (19972001), succeeding Mircea Snegur (19911996). The gross average monthly salary in the Republic of Moldova has registered a steady positive growth after 1999, being 5906 lei or 298 euros in 2018. The new coalition and Igor Dodon argued that the president may call snap elections after consulting the parliament but is not obliged to do so. In February, Moldova, a country of 3.5 million squeezed between Ukraine and Romania, held an inconclusive parliamentary election. [18] However, the strip of Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990. When in May 1600, Michael the Brave removed Ieremia Movil from Moldavia's throne by winning the battle of Bacu, briefly reuniting under his rule Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania, a Polish army led by Jan Zamoyski drove the Wallachians from Moldavia. At the 2014 census (which did not include data from the Transnistrian region), 54.7% of the population named Moldovan whereas 24.0% named Romanian as their first language in daily use. During this time, Moldavia was invaded repeatedly by Crimean Tatars and, beginning in the 15th century, by the Ottoman Turks. [216], Public expenditure on health was 4.2% of the GDP and private expenditure on health 3.2%. Moldova has a climate which is moderately continental; its proximity to the Black Sea leads to the climate being mildly cold in the autumn and winter and relatively cool in the spring and summer.[138]. Since declaring independence in 1991, Moldova has participated in UN peacekeeping missions in Liberia, Cte d'Ivoire, Sudan and Georgia. Moldova has signed the Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the European Union during summer 2014. [107] Yet another missile fell into Larga on 14 January 2023 as a result of another wave of missile strikes against Ukraine.[108][109]. During the year reports of government exercising undue influence over the media substantially decreased." It's one of the least visited countries on the planet, which is why tourists are likely to attract lots of attention from the locals. Over the 19th century, the Russian authorities encouraged the colonization of Bessarabia or parts of it by Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Bulgarians, Poles, and Gagauzes, primarily in the northern and southern areas vacated by Turks and Nogais, the latter having been expelled in the 1770s and 1780s, during the Russo-Turkish Wars;[d][38][37][39][40] the inclusion of the province in the Pale of Settlement also allowed the immigration of more Bessarabian Jews. The people of this civilization, which lasted roughly from 5500 to 2750 BC, practised agriculture, raised livestock, hunted, and made intricately designed pottery.[25]. Moldova is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and the Association Trio. The independence of the Principality of Moldavia came when Bogdan I, another Vlach voivode from Maramure who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the Carpathian mountains in 1359 and took control of Moldavia, wresting the region from Hungary. Around 50% of ethnic Ukrainians, 33% of Gagauz, 33% of Bulgarians, and 5.7% of Moldovans declared Russian as their daily use language. In the field of pop music, Moldova has produced the band O-Zone, who came to prominence in 2003, with their hit song "Dragostea Din Tei", which topped multiple notable single charts. Archaeological research has identified the location of 13th-century fortified settlements in this region. The agreement is part of Moldova's strategy to reform its military and cooperate with its neighbours. [104], On 24 May 2022, the former president of Moldova, Igor Dodon, was arrested. W.Slavic includes languages such as Czech , Polish and Slovak .

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