[59] Rod is conceived as the absolute, primordial God, supreme ancestor of the universe, that begets all things,[59] and at the same time as the kin, the lineage of generation which is the ancestral bond to the supreme source. ), represent the thunder god Perun or the supreme God (Rod), expressing itself as power of birth and reproduction, in its various forms (whether Triglav, Svetovid, Perun and other gods) and were still carved in folk traditions of the Russian North up to the nineteenth century. The Trojan symbol also represents the three elements: air, water and earth. [15] After the Soviet Union, the pursuit of Rodnovery matured into the spiritual cultivation of organic folk communities (ethnoi) in the face of what Rodnovers consider the alien cosmopolitan forces which drive global assimilation (what they call "mono-ideologies"), chiefly represented by the Abrahamic religions. 3. [186] In Russia there was a shared belief among the intellectual circles that Slavic paganism had survived within the "folk Orthodoxy" of the common people (which was regarded as a dvoeverie, a "double faith"), and the Old Believers' movements. [368] Orantism is a movement centred around the cult of Berehynia, linked to Ukrainian national identity, non-violence and resistance to global assimilation. The crow, eagle, etc. [99], Sylenko proclaimed himself a prophet, bringing to the Slavs a new understanding of God that, according to him, corresponds to their own and original understanding of God. The sacrificial ground is usually in the northern part of the square, so that during the sacrificial ceremonies both the priests and the laymen look towards the divine North Pole; otherwise, in the cases of those communities who give more importance to the cycle of the Sun, it is located in the eastern part of the square. [202] They consider the Abrahamic religions and their later secular ideological productionsMarxism, capitalism, the general Western rationalism begotten by the Age of Enlightenment,[203] and ultimately the technocratic civilisation based on the idea of possession, exploitation and consumption of the environment[119]as "mono-ideologies", that is to say ideologies which promote "universal and one-dimensional truths", unable to grasp the complexity of reality and therefore doomed to failure one after the other. According to him, the "races" should be ready for this, so they need to study "the heroism of Emperor Titus, who destroyed Jerusalem." In 2014 Donetsk People's Republic adopted a "constitution" which stated that the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate was the official religion of the self-declared state. [223] Slavic Native Faith has been described as following "the cycles of nature",[85] of the seasons of the year. [259] "Slavic-hill wrestling" (Slavyano-goritskaya bor'ba) was established by the Russian Rodnover Aleksandr Belov. [348] Other groups consider the Belarusians to be Slavicised Balts, especially related to the Old Prussians, and have elaborated a religion leaning towards the Baltic Native Faith, called Druva, whose spiritual centre should be established in the Chernyakhovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, in Russia, where the ancient Romuva sanctuary of the Prussians was located. Her voice is incredibly beautiful and alluring, causing people to forget everything and never be able to experience happiness like hearing the voice again. [352], Various organisations have been established in the late 2000s and 2010s, including Merjamaa and Merya Mir ( , "Merya World"). Often represented as a female deity, she represents joy, water and the midday sun. Therefore, socio-political views can vary greatly from one group to another, from one adherent to another, ranging from extreme pacifism to militarism, from apoliticism and anarchism to left-wing and to right-wing positions. [162] Moreover, there has been an increasing de-politicisation of Rodnovery in the twenty-first century. [74] Indeed, many Slavic languages have two terms that are conventionally rendered as "pagan" in Western languages: the aforementioned pogan and yazychnik. [351], Meryan Rodnovery is a movement present in the Russian regions of Ivanovo, Kostroma, Moscow, Vladimir, Vologda, Tver, and Yaroslavl. [269] The Ukrainian literary magazine Dazhboh, published in 19311935, was imbued with Neopagan ideas (Bohdan Ihor Antonych and others). [117] Rodnover ethics consist in following Prav, that is "seeking, finding and following the natural laws", which results in strengthening and being aware of the principle of retribution (actionreaction; or karma). [300] The collapse of the Soviet Union and its official policy of state atheism resulted in a resurgence of open religious adherence across the region. [68] They claim that the term, which refers to the "praise" or "glorification" (slava) of the universal order (Prav, cf. [180] Archaic patterns of meaning re-emerge at different levels on the spiral of time. [267] It was this Romantic rediscovery and revaluing of indigneous pre-Christian religion that prepared the way for the later emergence of Rodnovery. [160], Many other Rodnovers deny or downplay the racist and Nazi elements within their community, and claim that extreme right-wingers are not true believers in Slavic Native Faith because their interests in the movement are primarily political rather than religious. [311] In 2009, the Union of Slavic Native Belief Communities and the Circle of Pagan Tradition issued a joint statement against Ynglism (Aleksandr Khinevich and Aleksey Trekhlebov), Levashovism (Nikolay Levashov), as well as Valery Chudinov and Gennady Grinevich, disapproving what they reckoned as Ynglists', Levashovites' and the other authors' "pseudo-Pagan teachings, pseudo-linguistics, pseudo-science and outright fiction". [252], Usually, the organisation of festivals involves three layers of society: there is a patronising "core" of practitioners, who are often professionally affirmed people, usually belonging to the intellectual class; then there is the population of committed adherents; and then there is a loose "periphery" constituted by sympathisers, generally relatives and friends of the committed followers. Chernobog translates literally to black god. Slavic religion dealt often in duality, meaning that the black god would oppose, or perhaps compliment, the white god (Belobog). Polish demonology Water nymphs source: liveinternet.ru. [5] The movement has no overarching structure,[6] or accepted religious authority,[7] and contains much diversity in terms of belief and practice. Slavic Pagan Design. [193] Some Rodnovers consider the Slavs to have a messianic role in human history and eschatology, for instance believing that Ukraine and Russia will be the world's future geopolitical centre, or the cradle of a new civilisation which will survive the demise of the Western world. [271], Rather than as a "religion", Belov characterises the movement as a man's "assimilation to the law of the universe", expressed in images and worship practices. Her symbol, or star, serves as protection against negative energy or dark forces. It is represented by organisations such as the Centre of EthnocosmologyKriya (Belarusian: "") by Syargei Sanko and the Tver Ethnocultural AssociationTverzha (Russian: "") founded in 2010. [21] Simpson has noted, speaking of the specific context of Poland, that unlike historical Slavic beliefs, which were integral to the everyday fabric of their society, modern Slavic Native Faith believers have to develop new forms of social organisation which set them apart from established society. [124] Immediately related to the morality of a responsible community is the respect for the whole world of nature, or what Aitamurto defines "ecological responsibility". Dobroslav's follower A. M. Aratov, director of the Russkaya Pravda publishing house, wrote about the onset of the Russian Era and the imminent end of Christianity and Judaism. It is believed that Slavic mythology can trace its roots back to the Proto-Indo European period, and perhaps as far back as the Neolithic era.The early Proto-Slav tribes split into groups, consisting of the East, West Slavs, and South Slavs.Each group created its own distinct set of localized mythologies, deities, and rituals based upon the beliefs and legends of the original Proto . [29], Some Rodnovers do not acknowledge this practice of syncretism and instead profess an explicitly anti-syncretic attitude, emphasising the need to retain the "purity" of the religion and thus maintain its "authenticity". [245], Rodnovery is headed by a priestly class distinguishable into the orders of volkhv (translatable as "wiseman", "wizard", i.e. [165] Schnirelmann similarly noted that there is a loose boundary between the explicitly politicised and less politicised wings of the Russian movement,[144] and that ethnic nationalist and racist views were present even in those Rodnovers who did not identify with precise political ideologies. [369], Peterburgian or Russian Vedism (Russian: / ) is one of the earliest Rodnover movements started by the philosopher Viktor Bezverkhy in Saint Petersburg, between the late 1980s and early 1990s, and primarily represented by the Society of the Mages ( ) founded in 1986 and the Union of the Veneds ( ) established in 1990, and their various offshoots,[299] including Skhoron ezh Sloven ( ), established in 1991 by Vladimir Y. Golyakov, which has branches across Russia, and in Belarus and Ukraine. [89] While most Rodnovers call it Rod, others call its visible manifestation Svarog or Nebo ("Heaven"), and still others refer to its triune cosmic manifestation, Triglav ("Three-Headed One"): PravYav-Nav, SvarogBelobog-Chernobog, SvarogDazhbog-Stribog, or DubSnop-Did. Long before Russia adopted Christianity in the 10th century, folk tales, songs and rituals existed as an established art form. They are those responsible for holding rites for worshipping the gods and leading communities and religious festivals. [334], The early 2010s saw a strengthening of relations between Rodnover groups. [327] These groups have strong political motivations, being extremely nationalistic, anti-Western, and anti-Semitic. [177] Aitamurto has defined the Rodnover idea of the veche as a form of grassroots democracy, or, using the term preferred by the Ynglists, as a samoderzhavie, that is to say a system of "self-power", "people ruling themselves". [375], Roerichism (Russian: , ) and Ivanovism () are spiritual movements linked with Russian cosmism, a holistic philosophy emphasising the centrality of the human being within a living environment, in turn related to the God-Building movement. It is likely that the English word calendar is derived from this symbol name. It guards the living from destruction, and from the degradation of the soul and spirit. It was believed that dead ancestors existed within the same spiritual plane as the Slavic deities. Male brotherhoods practise the cutting of a second "life line" on the palm of the hand of converts, symbolising the new "blood bond" that is formed with other members. By using terms of mile Durkheim, Aitamurto says that what Rodnovers reject is "egoistic individualism", not "moral individualism". His unit had a shrine to the god Svetovid in their secret forest base and held group rites in which they toasted a wooden image of the deity with mead. [22] Also Jan Stachniuk fought against the Nazi occupation during the Warsaw Uprising. [274] In 1954, a student group known as Klan Ausran was established at the University of d; officially dedicated to a study of Indo-European society, its members provided hymns and prayers. [215], The Rodnover priesthood is characterised by a number of attributes, sacred objects which mark their role. For instance, the Russian Circle of Pagan Tradition characterises itself as "patriotic" rather than "nationalist", avoids ethnic nationalist ideas, and recognises Russia as a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural state. [167], The scholar Dmitry V. Shlyapentokh noted that it is the Russian right-wing in general to have identified itself with Paganism, due to the peculiar political climate of benevolence and cooperation with Jews and Muslims of the contemporary Russian government and Orthodox Church. [81], Prior to their Christianisation, the Slavic peoples were polytheists, worshipping multiple deities who were regarded as the emanations of a supreme God. Finally, the Trojan symbol may be said to connote the three dimensions of time: past, present and future. It is present in Russia and Ukraine, especially, but not exclusively, among Cossacks who claim a Scythian identity to distinguish themselves from Slavs. Local Rodnover groups usually call themselves obshchina (the term for traditional peasant communities), while skhod, sobor and mir are used for informal meetings or to refer to traditional Russian ideas of commonality. [284] Sylenkoism was influenced by deism and Theosophy. [247] In 2012, a number of Rodnover organisations in Russia made an agreement for the mutual recognition of their priesthood and for the uniformisation of ordination policies. It was in Chicago that he established the earliest groups of the Native Ukrainian National Faith (Sylenkoism) in 1966. [6] The scholar of religion Adrian Ivakhiv has defined Rodnovery as a movement which "harkens back to the pre-Christian beliefs and practices of ancient Slavic peoples",[10] while according to the historian and ethnologist Victor A. Schnirelmann, Rodnovers present themselves as "followers of some genuine pre-Christian Slavic, Russian or Slavic-Aryan Paganism". Bog Hors is a god of the sun and the sunlight. [38] Slavic Christianity was influenced by indigenous beliefs and practices as it was established in the Middle Ages and these folk practices changed greatly over the intervening centuries;[39] according to this, Rodnovers claim that they are just continuing living tradition. It connects the feminine energy to the lunar cycle, the menstrual periods, and brings to women health, fertility and protection from conspicuous eyes and evil spirits. [293] In Moscow, the occult Yuzhinsky Circle had been established by the poet Yevgeny Golovin, the novelist Yury Mamleyev and the philosopher Vladimir Stepanov in the 1960s, while a young Alexander Dugin would have joined the circle in the 1980s;[294] although not explicitly Pagan, they were influenced by occult Pagan thinkers like Guido von List and sought a return to a pre-Christian Aryan world. [9], The earliest known usage of this term was by the Ukrainian emigree Lev Sylenko, who in 1964 established a mimeographed publication in Canada that was titled Ridna Vira ("Native Faith"). TScottFitzgerald 1 yr. ago. [90] Peterburgian Vedists call this concept "One God" ( , Yediny Bog) or "All God" (, Vsebog). Nevertheless, according to Aitamurto, on the basis of the amount of literature that Ynglists publish and the presence of their representatives at various Rodnover conferences, is clear that Ynglism has a "substantial number of followers". [114] Some polytheist Rodnovers have deemed the view adopted by Sylenko's followers as an inauthentic approach to the religion. [237] In another instance, Lesiv observed a Ukrainian Rodnover who legitimised the practice of yoga by claiming that this spiritual tradition had originally been developed by the ancestors of modern-day Ukrainians. [216] Some Russian Rodnovers have attempted themselves to improve relations with the Orthodox Church, arguing that Russian Orthodoxy had adopted many elements of historical Slavic belief and rites,[217] though for some by corrupting their original meaning. [57], Sometimes the term "Rodnovery" has also been interpreted as meaning "faith of Rod", a reference to an eponymous concept of supreme God, Rod, found in ancient Russian and Ukrainian sources. In Slavic mythology, Dazhbog is the sun god. [182] Similarly, the scholar Vladimir Dulov noted that Bulgarian Rodnovers tended to have "fantastic" views of history. [116] Rodnovers generally believe that death is not a cessation of life, and believe in reincarnation only in mankind and in the possibility of deification in paradise, Iriy or Vyriy, which is the same as Prav. [70], Some Slovenian practitioners use the Slovenian language term ajd, which is a loan-word of the Germanic-language heathen. [353], Scythian Assianism (Russian: ) is essentially a type of Scythian Rodnovery which emulates the Ossetian Folk Religion. Pagans in general in CK3 use lots of different pagan symbols. [417] The religion's "main base" consisted of ethnic Ukrainians who were "nationally oriented" and who displayed higher than average levels of education. [102] The Russian volkhv Velimir (Nikolay Speransky), emphasises a dualistic eternal struggle between white gods and black gods, elder forces of creation and younger forces of destruction; the former collectively represented by Belobog and the latter by Chernobog, also symbolising the spiritual and the material. [189] The northern homeland was the Hyperborea, and it was the terrestrial reflection of the north celestial pole, the world of the gods; the North Pole is held to be the point of grounding of the spiritual flow of good forces coming from the north celestial pole, while the South Pole is held to be the lowest point of materialisation where evil forces originate. Laruelle has thus defined Rodnovery as an "open-source religion", that is to say a religion which "emphasizes individual participation and doctrinal evolution, and calls for the personal creation of religious belief systems". The latter, which is a derivation of the near-homophonous yazyk, "tongue", is prevalent and has a less negative acceptation, literally meaning "pertaining to (our own) language". Her main themes are weather, winter, spring, protection, death, rebirth, the cycle of changes, and growth. [418], Ivakhiv noted that Rodnovery remains "a relatively small niche in Ukrainian religious culture",[419] and that it faces a mixed reception in the country. [92] The BelobogChernobog duality is also represented on the human plane as the PerunVeles duality, where the former is the principle of martiality and the latter is the principle of mystical philosophy. Mokosh is associated with destiny and fate, particularly the destiny of women. Air. [183] Rodnover personalities and groups played a prominent role in the 2002 establishment of Ongal, a Bulgarian far-right umbrella organisation. [58] Aitamurto stated that in addition to being the most used term, it is the most appropriate because of its meanings. [269] He claimed that in 1934 he underwent a spiritual revelation atop Mount Grekhit in the Carpathian Mountains. [54] It means "Native Faith" and it is the name used by the majority of the movement's adherents. it represents strength, dignity, sun and fire and is a symbol of secular as well as spiritual power. Over time, however, tribes were consolidated and, not long after, most converted to Christianity. [422] Alternately, the Ukrainian organisation Ancestral Fire of the Native Orthodox Faith has expanded in both Moldova and Germany. In the Slavic mythology, Viy (or Bog Viy) is the guardian of the Heavenly Border, which separates the Light Halls the spiritual world inhabited by the gods and dead souls from the Dark Halls populated by demons and evil spirits. [445], There are also practising Rodnovers among Lithuania's[446] and Estonia's ethnically Russian minorities. [51], The Anglicised term "Rodnovery", and its adjective "Rodnover(s)", have gained widespread usage in English and have been given an entry in the second edition (2019) of the academic Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation. [412] Rodnovery has also contributed to the diffusion of "historical themes"particularly regarding an ancient Aryan raceto the general population, including many who were Orthodox or non-religious.[413]. [181] Aitamurto observed that early Russian Rodnovery was characterised by "imaginative and exaggerated" narratives about history. [403], Writing in 2000, Schnirelmann noted that Rodnovery was growing rapidly within the Russian Federation. The Pagan ritual of Dodola is still practiced in parts of Northern Europe and the Baltic States, in which a young boy or girl sings and dances through the village, collecting money that will be spent on a feast in honor of Perun (the god of thunder), for whom Dodola is a wife. [439] The first Pagan groups to emerge in the Czech Republic in the 1990s were oriented towards Germanic Heathenry and Celtic Druidry,[317] while modern Slavic Rodnovery began to develop around 19951996 with the foundation of two groups, the National Front of the Castists and Radho, which in 2000 were merged to form the Commonwealth of Native Faith (Spoleenstv Rodn Vra). [302] The first Rodnover website on the Russian Internet (so-called Runet)was created by a Moscow-based believer in 1996. He was associated with thunder, lightning, storms, fire, mountains, fertility, law, war and weapons. [367] Ladovery is a doctrine articulated by Oleksander Shokalo and other personalities in the magazine Ukrans'kyi Svit ("Ukrainian World"). . [295] In the early 1980s, the Pamyat movement was established by figures active at the Metropolitan Moscow Palace of Culture, whom similarly looked with fondness on ancient Aryan culture. [130], Within Rodnovery, gender roles are conservative. [271] The adherents believe that the class of the warriors should have the superior and leading role in society (espousing the idea of a military state and rejecting communism and democracy), and should be always ready to sacrifice themselves for the community. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, "rda Rodzimej Wiary wtki aryjskie i zadrune w doktrynie zwizku wyznaniowego Rodzima Wiara", "Shaman, Schismatic, Necromancer: Religious Libertarians in Russia", " . . ", " ", " ' ' ", "Qualification of Slavic Rodnovery in scientific literatureneopaganism or ethnic religion", Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans, Castro culture/Proto Gallaecian-Lusitanian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavic_Native_Faith&oldid=1141331410, Articles containing Belarusian-language text, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Bosnian-language text, Articles containing Macedonian-language text, Articles containing Croatian-language text, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Slovene-language text, Articles containing Serbian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Serbo-Croatian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:39.
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